Psych tip of the week!

Henin and Processing Efficiency Theory: Relevance for Junior Squash Players

Processing Efficiency Theory (PET), developed by Michael Eysenck and later built upon by researchers such as Henin et al., explores how anxiety affects cognitive performance. The central idea is that while anxiety may impair processing efficiency (how effectively mental resources are used), it does not necessarily reduce performance effectiveness (the outcome itself), especially in skilled individuals who can compensate through effort or strategy.

Henin’s work has extended PET into practical, sport-specific contexts, emphasizing how young athletes manage attention, working memory, and pressure during performance. In junior squash, where players face complex decision-making, rapid movements, and tactical adjustments, understanding PET can be highly valuable for both coaches and players.

In high-pressure moments such as tight games, match points, or playing in front of peers, junior players often experience increased anxiety. According to PET, this anxiety can impair their ability to focus, recall tactics, or adapt to changing game scenarios. However, this does not mean performance must suffer. If a player has strong routines, effective coping mechanisms, and practiced strategies, they can maintain performance despite reduced efficiency. For example, a junior with a reliable serve routine may execute it well under stress, even if they feel mentally cluttered.

Henin’s application of PET highlights the importance of training athletes not just physically but mentally. At Squash Tigers, we embed these ideas into our coaching. We help players develop habits that support attentional control, such as using pre-point rituals, breathing techniques, and visualization. These tools help manage anxiety and reduce cognitive load, allowing players to perform closer to their best even in challenging situations.

Moreover, PET stresses the role of working memory, which is the system that holds and manipulates information in real time. In squash, working memory is used constantly: evaluating shot options, anticipating opponent movement, and updating strategy. Anxiety can reduce working memory capacity, leading players to make rushed decisions or forget a plan mid-rally. This is particularly relevant for juniors, whose cognitive systems are still developing.

Training with this in mind means designing drills that simulate pressure while reinforcing decision-making. For example, we might set up situational games that require players to serve at 9-all repeatedly or respond to specific tactical challenges with limited time. This improves their ability to operate effectively even when processing efficiency is compromised.

Henin’s contributions also emphasize the need to normalize anxiety. It is not something to fear but something to manage. We tell our players that pressure is part of the game and that learning how to play with nerves, not trying to eliminate them, is the path to consistency and growth.

In summary, Processing Efficiency Theory, especially as expanded by Henin, offers a useful lens through which to understand junior squash performance. It encourages coaches to develop mentally resilient athletes who can adapt and perform even under cognitive strain. With the right tools and preparation, young players can learn to manage their mental load and perform with clarity, confidence, and purpose.